What is Urban Fantasy Definition and Examples

What is Urban Fantasy Definition and Examples What is Urban Fantasy? Definition and Examples Urban dream is maybe one of the most energizing subgenre dreams at this moment. From werewolves in Manhattan to elves in rural nurseries, it is a significant piece of the development that is re-characterizing â€Å"fantasy† in the 21st-century.But what is urban dream precisely - and where would you be able to go to peruse a greater amount of it? This guide is here to help, alongside a couple of tips on the most proficient method to compose urban dream in this mystical subgenre.What is urban fantasy?Urban dream portrays a subgenre of imagination in which this present reality crashes into the determinedly heavenly or mysterious world. Sounds straightforward, isn't that so? Reconsider! Dream and its subgenres are famously versatile, making the meaning of â€Å"urban fantasy† distinctly open-finished. Before, the term’s been utilized to portray a dream story that is set in:a city in an other world,a city in the cutting edge world, orthe present day world.These days, this is the understanding that is generally across the board: to be a urban dream, the story just should be a dream with heavenly components that is set in our reality and current time. Under this definition, the â€Å"urban† in â€Å"urban fantasy† is somewhat of a distraction. Insofar as there are otherworldly components, the story can occur in either a cutting edge New York City or Milwaukee, and it will in any case count.Urban dream stories additionally for the most part have solid tropes, for example, abrasive activity, a noir feel, and a procedural plot (and we’ll get into this later in this post). This is the reason you’ll ordinarily hear the Sookie Stackhouse arrangement, which is really set in a provincial humble community, named as a â€Å"urban fantasy† - while Harry Potter, for example, once in a while is.How does it vary from paranormal romance?Paranormal dream and urban dream are two fowls of a similar plume, which clarifies why theyà ¢â‚¬â„¢re confounded so frequently! Both are theoretical fiction with heavenly components in a true setting. Both likewise highlight a sentimental plot or subplot in some shape or form.However, sentiment is the principle plot and essential clash in paranormal sentiment, while it is commonly a subplot in urban dream. More than that, urban dreams are known to have coarse savagery and a tone that can get so dull it may even touch the loathsomeness type. Keeping that mind, let’s see what urban dream resembles in action.Examples of urban fantasyThe most ideal approach to realize what is urban dream is to take a gander at certain models! Here are two urban dream books that characterized the genre.American Gods by Neil GaimanIn the former days, individuals in the United States put stock in divine beings and fanciful creatures. Without a doubt, settlers brought leprechauns, mythical people, and a wide range of otherworldly spirits with them when they went to the U.S. Be that as it ma y, the impact of these gods has started winding down as faith in them bites the dust and individuals direct their concentration toward the new divine beings: media and technology.This is the phase of Gaiman's acclaimed novel, which starts with an ex-convict, Shadow, being greeted by a Mr. Wednesday, who isn't all that he appears. Shadow before long finds he is remaining in a war between America's ideological past and future - with nothing not exactly the nation's destiny hanging in the balance.Why is it a decent example of urban dream? American Gods is a 21st century exemplary of the class: an amazing combination of imagination and the cutting edge world that doesn’t neglect to investigate the consequences of such a mindmeld. Resisting kind desires, also American Gods isn't arranged in a city. Rather, Shadow’s excursion is set for the most part in America’s liminal spaces - its rest stops, inns, and little towns.The Dresden Files by Jim ButcherIn a beset Chica go where vampires, evil presences, werewolves, and pixies coincide with people, Harry Dresden is the world’s just â€Å"consulting wizard.† Hired by people and powerful creatures the same to unravel everything from murders to rebel bakus, he needs to make due with his private investigator’s pay, even as his work pushes him into the darkest - and generally otherworldly - corners of coarse Chicago.Why is it a decent example of urban dream? Another great in the class - and a well known case of the way that conventional P.I. plots and dream crash in urban fantasy.And if you’d like the entire smorgasbord of urban dream: head over to this Reedsy Discovery post ofâ 20 best urban dream booksâ or this post containsâ 33 best vampire books. You can likewise look at this rundown of the 100 best dream arrangement ever, which incorporates various urban dream seriesPRO-TIP: To get early and restrictive access to new outside the box urban dream books, consider pursuin g Reedsy Discovery! It's free and you'll be the first to find tomorrow's blockbusters in the genre.How to compose urban fantasyConfident that you know what urban dream is presently and need to give composing it a go? Amazing. Here are a few hints to help you along.1. Know the tropes The most effective method to Create a Character Profile: the Ultimate Guide (with Template) Understand post Urban dreams are additionally character-driven on a basic level. First individual purpose of perspectives proliferate, letting perusers inside the leader of the hero. It would be definitely justified even despite your chance to plunk down and make sense of the key subtleties of your character, including their inspiration and backstory. In the event that you need assistance, you can get this free usable character profile.The best piece of composing urban dream is that there’s such a great amount of space to investigate. Since you have a system for the class, it’s up to you to get that pen - and let your creative mind convey you the remainder of the way.Do you compose or read urban dream? Leave your musings (and book suggestions) in the remarks beneath!

Introduction to Business Law Australian Competition and Consumer Comm

Question: Prologue to Business Law: Australian Competition and Consumer Commission Answer: Australian Competition and Consumer Commission v. TPG Internet Pty. Ltd. 2013 HCA 54 (Australian Competition and Consumer Commission v. TPG Internet Pty. Ltd., [2013]) Substance of TPGs Advertisement, which ACCC thought about damaged TPG began crusading for its heap of ADSL2 (boundless) and home telephone. These underlying ads were pulled back after ACCC cautioned that such notices are against the arrangements of the Trade Practices Act. The substance of the reexamined promotion was the topic of this case. The feature of the equivalent was as per the following; Unlimited ADSL2 + $29.99. Notwithstanding, beneath this it was written in little print that the said administrations were accessible when the home telephone administrations for $30 rental and ADLS2 administrations were packaged together. It was claimed by ACCC that the predominant message of the ad was deceiving as it was probably going to lead the purchasers to accept that both the administrations can be benefited at the pace of $29.99, however as a general rule the complete expense of the bundle was $59.99/month. The ACCC discovered this substance of the TPG ad to be deceiving. Lawful arrangements which TPG was asserted to have penetrated, and substance of the ad, which prompted such break TPG was affirmed to have contradicted the arrangements of Section 52 and 53C the Trade Practices Act, which is currently exemplified as Section 18 and 29 of the Australian Consumer Law. Since the promotions were probably going to bamboozle the open they were considered to have contradicted the arrangements of these Sections. It was considered to have negated the arrangements of Section 53, as the notices didn't indicate a solitary cost for the all out bundle. Segment 52 sets out that an organization should not connect with into such practices which are probably going to hoodwink or delude people in general. Segment 53C of the Act sets out that in specific situations, partnerships will undoubtedly state single cost. They are under the commitment to express the cost for the products or administrations offered in a solitary figure. The TPG ad was probably going to delude the general population, as they didn't appropriately reveal that they are required to buy ADSL2+ benefits alongside h ome telephone rental of $30 consistently. They likewise didn't reveal that the purchasers are under the commitment to pay the expenses for setting up the administration. In addition the ads penetrated the arrangements of Section 53C as a solitary cost for the administrations were not expressed (Australian Consumer Law: A Guide to Provisions, 2010). Discoveries of the Primary Judge In this area of the report, we will talk about the discoveries of the Primary Judge under the accompanying heads; Packaging He was of the view that the intended interest group of ADSL2+ administrations was first time clients too. It was discovered that a purchaser of customary judiciousness in the wake of perusing the ad would consider that the whole help can be gotten at the cost of $29.99/month with no extra charges or commitment to benefit another assistance. The appointed authority reasoned that the packaging condition was not satisfactory and noticeable and was probably going to deceive the general population. Set up charge The appointed authority saw that broadband administrations consistently require set up charges and the focused on shoppers are probably going to know about the equivalent. In any case, since the feature demonstrated to the way that no such charges is required, the equivalent ought to have been plainly expressed. He saw that none of the promotions clarified signs with respect to the set up charges. Single Price It was likewise seen by the essential Judge that the ad didn't uncover the single cost for the administrations in a reasonable and unambiguous way. This prompted repudiation of the arrangements of Section 53C(1)(c) of the Act (Kalbfleisch, 2011). Contrast of Approach between the choice of the Full Court and that of the Primary Judge The Full Court was persuaded that the promotions were not misdirecting. Anyway it was of the feeling that Section 53C(1) was not pertinent in the given situation. The essential distinction of supposition was concerning the way that the prevailing message of the promotion was vital in deciding if the notice was misdirecting. In this setting the Full Court refered to the instance of Parkdale Custom Built Furniture Pty. Ltd. v. Puxu Pty. Ltd. The rule, which advanced from this case, was as per the following; when a specific direct comprises of words, it will not be on the whole correct to contemplate a couple of words and overlook the rest, while showing up at the importance of the arrangement of words. It was of the conclusion that the whole message must be contemplated and not simply the prevailing message. The Full Court additionally expressed that the objective buyers might be ventured to know about the way that broadband administrations are sold either as remain solitary or as packaged. In view of the above contemplations it was closed by the Full Court that the said commercials were not misdirecting. Grounds, which drove the High Court to presume that the Full Courts choice was incorrect The High Court held that the Full Court wasn't right is holding the assurance of the essential appointed authority that the prevailing message was dominating in deciding the deceptive character of the ad was wrong. The notice just picked certain words as being prevailing and overlooked the rest. All things considered, greater part of the buyers would just think about the predominant message and disregard the rest. The notice didn't mean to bring to the notification of the buyers less alluring arrangements of the commercial. Under the given conditions, it was considered by the High Court that the choice of the Full Court was wrong. Purposes behind which the High Court considered the Puxu case to the inapplicable to TPG realities The realities of the Puxu case were obviously unique in relation to those of the TPG case. This was the essential purpose behind inapplicability of the case. The reason for TPGs notice was to draw the consideration of the crowd towards the charming parts and not to the parity of the offer. The vast majority will in general watch the overall idea of notice and in this way it would prompt double dealing. The instance of Puxu was respected to be inapplicable to the realities of the case close by. As opposed to the realities of the Puxu case, for this situation, the customers didn't have the benefit of visiting a showroom and afterward choosing which item to buy. Here the aim of the notice was to draw the consideration of the crowd. Under the given conditions, the crowds were not liable to focus on the subtleties. The Full Court likewise neglected to perceive the way that the idea of the promotion to misdirect was required to be resolved not by inquisitive regarding whether the ad was probably going to cause people in general to go into contract with TPG however by the reality concerning whether the notice would carry the general population into arrangement with TPG and no of its rivals dependent on the unfair conviction endowed by the predominant message of the commercial. The said lead is disallowed under the arrangements of Section 52 of the Act. In view of these realities the court thought about that the realities of the Puxu case were not pertinent to the realities of the TPG case. Suggestions f the Judgment The judgment of the High Court had expansive ramifications for the promotion business. On the off chance that I was utilized in the showcasing area of a wellness specialist organization or advertising segment of a wellness community or web access supplier which is going to dispatch an arrangement for the purchasers comprising of a few sections, my recommendation would be as per the following; On the off chance that the organization needs to utilize predominant messages for promoting their item or administrations, at that point my recommendation is cautiously survey the provisions of the equivalent and put forth attempts to being to the information on the planned shoppers the other significant areas of the offer. Such practice would keep the commercial from being tricky or deluding. More or less regardless of whether prevailing messages are utilized they ought not be deluding. Information on standard con summers of sensible reasonability must be thought about. Expected information ought not be the premise of commercials. The ad ought not be with the end goal that it is probably going to draw the consideration of the purchasers to the concerned help or item because of some deception assimilated by any bogus or misdirecting component in the concerned notice. All adaptations of a promotion must pass on a similar impression and not various impressions. I would make it a point to cause them to comprehend that bogus and deluding ads may prompt punishment under the arrangements of not just under the current Competition and Consumer Act yet in addition under different rules too Reference List Australian Competition and Consumer Commission v. TPG Internet Pty. Ltd.[2013]HCA p.54. Australian Consumer Law: A Guide to Provisions. (2010). first ed. Sydney: Australian Government. Kalbfleisch, P. (2011). Focusing on Alliance: Competition Law and Consumer Welfare.Journal of European Competition Law Practice, 2(2), pp.108-116.

How Gaslighting Increases Sexual Risk

How Gaslighting Increases Sexual Risk Relationships Violence and Abuse Print How Gaslighting Increases Sexual Risk By Elizabeth Boskey, PhD facebook twitter linkedin Elizabeth Boskey, PhD, MPH, CHES, is a social worker, adjunct lecturer, and expert writer in the field of sexually transmitted diseases. Learn about our editorial policy Elizabeth Boskey, PhD Updated on September 28, 2019 SolStock / Getty Images More in Relationships Violence and Abuse Spouses & Partners LGBTQ Gas lighting or Gaslighting is a form of toxic manipulation that can occur within sexual relationships. It is a particularly insidious form of emotional abuse. It involves behaviors by the abuser that make the person being abused start to question their own judgments and their own reality. The victim of gaslighting may start to wonder if theyre paranoid or going crazy. What Is Gaslighting? The term gaslighting comes from the 1930s thriller Gaslight where the protagonist exhibited this sort of behavior. In the film, a cheating husband makes his wife doubt her sanity by engaging in overt manipulation. For example, he places his own watch in her handbag and convinces her she has pickpocketed it without realizing she has done so. He tries to convince her that she is only imagining the gas lights in the house flickering, to dissuade her from realizing that they are changing because he is searching the house for a lost treasure.   However, gaslighting is not always so obvious. Sometimes its a more subtle series of behaviors. For example, when a woman suspects her partner is cheating on her because of a series of events she observes. Her partner might gaslight her by suggesting that shes paranoid or controlling in order to divert her from following the evidence of his infidelity. He might try to convince her that he really was working late, even though he didnt pick up the phone at the office when she called to see when hed be home. The Link Between Gaslighting and Infidelity Despite its theatrical origins, gaslighting in real life usually isnt about an attempt to get the victim institutionalized so that the perpetrator can search for the family jewels. Instead, research on gaslighting is usually about the behavior in the context of marital and other relationship infidelities. Furthermore, it is in the context of such relationships where gaslighting behavior is clearly linked to sexual risk in several ways. The abusive partner may be engaging in unprotected sex in multiple relationships without informing their victim. This puts the abused partner at risk of sexually transmitted diseases and other consequences. It also denies their victim the autonomy and agency to make informed decisions about their sexuality. It makes it impossible for them to give informed consent, let alone enthusiastic consent.It affects the victims competence and belief in their self-worth. This, in turns, decreases their self-efficacy around negotiating behaviors such as condom use. It also makes it harder for them to negotiate in their own interests in other ways, because they may start to feel like they no longer have a strong grasp on reality.It affects the victims ability to connect with others and get help from their support system. This may also make it harder to get appropriate healthcare. After all, if you dont trust your own understanding of the world, youre not as likely to bring up your concerns with yo ur doctor. Particularly if your sexuality is at the foundation of how and why youre being gaslighted. Gaslighting is an insidious behavior because of the way in which it makes its victims mistrust their own perceptions. That can be devastating both to feelings of self-worth and the ability to engage in self-care. You cant negotiate your sexual relationships if you dont feel like you have control of your body. You cant feel like you have control of your body if you feel as though youve lost your grip on the world.

Marketing Research International Marketing - 1084 Words

Mission of an international researcher is sorely wide and it is important to determine the most productive and influential tasks. Marketing research exercise involves systematic enquiry. Thus, it requires a careful planning of the orderly investigation process. â€Å"Global market segmentation is the process of identifying specific segments, whether they be country groups or individual customer groups, of potential customers with homogeneous attributes who are likely to exhibit similar behaviour† (Hassan Katsanis, 1991). In case of international marketing DODCAR is one of the main frameworks that is utilized for evaluating suitability of the market segmentation. International market researcher needs to consider the stages of market research†¦show more content†¦In terms of opportunities in China, it has the world’s 2nd largest economy. The population of Shanghai 23000 million people, which makes a market segmentation widen. Moreover, consumer-buying behavior in choosing products are highly influenced by western cultural perception. China’s top economic policymakers set domestic consumption as a main driver for the country’s economic growth. Business threat is cultural barrier, as Chinese people are used to drink tea, rather than coffee. 2.2 Objectives of research After defining and identifying the issue, the researcher must take a formal statement of research objectives. Such objectives may be stated in qualitative or quantitative terms and expressed as research questions, statement or hypothesis. Market segmentation pertains to the division of a set of consumers into persons with similar needs and wants. Market segmentation allows for a better allocation of a Starbucks finite resources. With growing diversity in the tastes of modern consumers, Starbucks is taking note of the benefit of servicing a multiplicity of new markets. It is necessary to create SMART objectives while segmenting Starbucks in international markets. The important objective of segmenting Starbucks in China is to increase sales for 30% in 2 years. The target city is Shanghai as the population of it is 23 million people and there are a lot of foreigners who are

The Elaborate Entrance Of Chad Deity - 1381 Words

The Elaborate Entrance of Chad Deity is a satirical play written by playwright Kristoffer Diaz. The play is centered on the absurd, yet implicit racism of the American people. In the play, professional wrestler Macedonia Guerra is constantly battling to promote himself in the world of wrestling. He eventually finds a way to become a famous wrestler, but it involves selling out his values and pretending to be an absurdly inaccurate and stereotypical Mexican character even though he is Puerto Rican, (see Appendix 1). Mace goes along with the ridiculous faà §ade he is playing for quite some time and even ventures to make their entrances and promotions even more elaborate. He is paired up with one of his friends, Vigneshwar Paduar, who is known†¦show more content†¦Then there are the in-between moments where the audience sees the characters in everyday life at their place of employment. The Office is also known to have a boss that comes off politically incorrect at times. Chad Deity emphasizes that to take it a step further. I think this is a necessary component of the play because it helps the audience to get the full effect of the show. Many people think that racism no longer exists or that it does, but they are not guilty of racism. However, studies have shown that implicit racism has become increasingly more prevalent in society, (see Appendix 2). By making the reactions to the incorrect stereotypes more exaggerated, Diaz is shining a light on the implicit racism of society. Mace and Vigneshwar are considered the bad characters in the eyes of the wrestling audience because they are of a different race. Mace’s boss, Eko, decides to capitalize on this and creates erroneous, unbelievable characters for them to play in the ring. For example, Mace’s character’s name is a combination of three of the most communistic political leaders. None of them have anything to do with Puerto Rico, which is where Mace is from, or Mexico, which is where his character is supposed to be from. Vigneshwar is an Indian American, who is told to play a Middle Eastern terrorist. He is not even given an actual name, only the Fundamentalist. He is told to wear a turban and is given a

Research Knowledge and Assessment Free Essays

string(35) " related to the research question\." This essay explores how these queries may be conceptualized, described, valuated, and explained through investigative methods. Philosophy of Research Quantitative scientific research relies on data taken from empirical methods based on observation and experience (Myers Hanson, 2002; Stanchion Stanchion, 2003). These systematic empirical methods can be used as inferential mathematical tools for evaluating a sample from a population. We will write a custom essay sample on Research Knowledge and Assessment or any similar topic only for you Order Now Consequently, the empirical calculations of phenomena in a sample may be applied to an entire population from which the sample was derived (Ho, 201 0, p. ). Research Terminologies Certain terms in research connote philosophical approaches to obtaining ND evaluating information. Through the scientific process, research studies begin by developing questions or hypotheses, then collecting data to help answer the questions or test the hypotheses. Research data are collected, analyzed, and interpreted to reach conclusions (Ladino, Spaulding, Vogel, 201 0, p. 12). However, qualitative and quantitative studies have similarities and dissimilarities in the scientific process due to the different cognitive approaches in research designs. Qualitative studies utilize inductive reasoning while quantitative studies apply deductive logic (p. 10). Figure 1 illustrates the specifics, similarities, and differences of these concepts in qualitative and quantitative research paradigms. The scientific method, illustrated in figure 2, acquires and assesses knowledge through observation and experience (Drew, Yardman, Hose, 2008). The philosophy Of Positivism utilizes aspects of the scientific method in social research. Positivist researchers believe that only what is observed can be evaluated in an objective manner. This means that only observable behavior can be measured without regard to motives, perspectives, or feelings (Social Research Methods, 2006). Conversely, post positivist philosophy does not believe that Objectivity is infallible because knowledge is developed through social constructs and this knowledge cannot be divorced from personal perceptions which determine the legitimacy of wisdom (Ryan, 2006, p. 16). The foregoing statements suggest that post-positivists believe deductions from observations may be relative and inexact (p. 20). This lends credence to subjectivity in research evaluations (Ratter, 2002). Objectivity in Objectivity can be described as a mental state in which personal biases, preferences, and perspectives of researchers do not contaminate the election and analysis of data (Sociology Guide, 2014). Objectivity is paramount in ensuring the veracity of a study. However, in social and educational studies, objectivity presupposes a type of reality (Ratter, 2002). If that reality is created by the researcher or observer, then it may be more subjective than objective (p. 3). These ideas exemplify the challenges faced by those in qualitative or mixed-methods studies who must judge the depth or the breadth and depth of research findings, respectively (Walden University, n. D. ). Though quantitative research may appear objective through the use of thematic calculations, subjectivity may occur in deciding what data are to be measured and the types of measuring instruments to be employed (Slashing, 2003). Philosophical Developments in Research Scientific realism is a quantitative approach to research in which numerical formulas are used to analyze data, and these data are used to symbolize constructs and variables (Ladino, Spaulding, Vogel, 2010). Positivists utilize the tenets of scientific realism because they feel that the social and psychological world can be evaluated mathematically in the same way that quantitative research explains phenomena in the natural world Social constructivism states that phenomena must be understood (P. 3). As complex wholes and researchers must understand reality through the perspectives of the participants in a study. Social constructivism advocates hypotheses that are created to achieve meaning through multiple realities formed by diverse human perceptions in a social world. Social constructivism is commonly employed in ethnographers and other types of social research. Advocacy and liberating frameworks also accept a multiplicity of realities derive d from social, economic, cultural, and political milieus. This philosophy involves research that advocates freedom from oppression and is a common framework for education research studies involving minorities or socially oppressed groups of people (Fire, 1970). Pragmatism is not focused on defining a real or socially constructed reality, but seeks practical answers to promulgate correct practices and programs (Ladino, Spaulding, Vogel, 201 0, p. 16). Pragmatists frequently use a mixed-methods approach to research for analyzing quantitative and qualitative data. Case studies utilize the methods of pragmatism (p. 60). Conceptual and Theoretical Frameworks A framework can be created through Concepts or theories (Ladino, Spaulding, Vogel, 2010, p. 13). A conceptual framework shows ideas or variables in a cogent and sequential manner, whereas a theoretical framework focuses on identifying the possible relationships among the ideas or concepts and develops theories for these relationships (Niagara, 2012). These theories provide a foundation for the beginnings of an investigation and help maintain a focus for the direction of a study. A conceptual framework can also be defined as a structure that describes the natural progression of a phenomenon through a theoretical framework that gives an explanation of how some constituents of the phenomenon may be related (Camp, 2001). In summary, a conceptual framework may elucidate concepts Of a study but it does not explain the relationships among the ideas or variables, whereas a theoretical framework can explain the associations among variables and how these associations relate to the research investigation (Science, n. D. ). Core Concepts of Research Design The research question is the basis for the research study and should include ethical guidelines (Ladino, Spaulding, Vogel, 201 0, p. 388). It identifies dependent and independent variables in causal-comparative search and it targets variables that are expected to be related in correlation studies (up. 388-389). In quantitative studies, the research question is clarified by the hypothesis which is a declarative statement or tentative position of the identified problem (Drew, Yardman, Hose, 2008, p. 78). Unlike quantitative investigations, the research questions in qualitative studies focus more on processes than on outcomes (p. 389). Once the research question has been refined to a specific idea, then the statement Of purpose for the study can be expressed in clear and concise terms (Ladino, Spaulding, Vogel, 2010, p. 89). The specificity of the research question and the distinct purpose of the study are derivatives of the literature review which ma inly focuses on primary, peer-reviewed articles related to the research question. You read "Research Knowledge and Assessment" in category "Free Research Paper Samples" Population and Sample Inferential statistics utilizes a subset from a population called a sample. Research results derived from the sample may be generalized to the population from which it was derived. However, in order for a study to produce accurate results and conclusions from a sample, it is important to differentiate between a theoretical population and an accessible population Social Research Methods, 2006). The theoretical population should possess well-defined characteristics related to the variables to be studied in the sample. An accessible population may be available for a study, but if its traits are not circumscribed within the sample it produces, the accuracy of the research is comport used (Expellable, 2009). Variables and Research If endings A variable is an object or entity that has different quantitative or qualitative values depending on the circumstance in a study (Ho, 2010, p. 127). In educational research, a variable can also be defined as a measurable hypothetical concept (construct) that has been developed from a theoretical framework (Ladino, Spaulding, Vogel, 2010, p. 3). When these variables are translated into data, the findings can be reported quantitatively, qualitatively, or quantitatively and qualitatively. Quantitative findings are numerical in nature and can be reported through Pearson-product moment correlations, multiple-regression analysis, t-test, chi-square, and other tests (p. 305). Qualitative findings may be reported through the use of triangulation techniques, coding, them es, and other procedures (up. 189-193). Assumptions, Limitations, and Delimitation’s Assumptions are constituents of a study which may not be under the control of the researcher, but their disappearance in a study would make it irrelevant (Simon, 2011). Limitations are uncontrollable, potential weaknesses in a study, whereas delimitation’s are controllable characteristics that limit the scope and define the boundaries of a study (p. 2). This is why these three factors must be considered when research is conducted. Validity and Reliability Validity describes the accuracy and appropriateness of measures while reliability refers to the consistency of the measurements (Ladino, Spaulding, Vogel, 2010). In quantitative research, validity can be defined in terms of a construct which determines the type of data to be collected and the way in which the information is to be gathered (Winner Braun, 1998). Validity in qualitative research was defined by Slashing (2003) as â€Å"quality, rigor and trustworthiness† (p. 02). The internal validity of a study can be affected by observations, selection of informants for maximum variability, selection Of participants, and improper or misguided conclusions, whereas external validity can be influenced by types of selection procedures, kinds of settings n which experiments are conducted, historical consequences from the lives of participants, and the variations in the meanings of constructs across time, environments, and populations (Michael, n. D. ). Reliability can be illustrated through consistent results after repeated evaluations show a continuous stability of measurements for a given period of time (Kirk Miller, 1986). Reliability has been defined by Cope (2000) as â€Å"The extent to which results are consistent over time and [accurately represent] the total population under study†¦ If the results of a study can be reproduced under a animal methodology, then the research instrument is [also] considered to be reliable. † (p. 1). However, Slashing (2003) cautions that a research instrument which measures consistently may not be measuring accurately. Hence, these inaccuracies of measurement make the research instrument invalid and controvert the internal consistency and reliability of the research. Internal reliability can be affected by inference descriptors, a researchers selections of data, and the interpretations of the data by the researcher (Bloom, n. D. ). External reliability can be influenced by situational contexts that effect the information retrieved from participants, data collection, analysis methodology, and constructs (Slashing, 2003). Other Approaches to Unlike research investigations, program evaluations are critiqued regarding their immediate impact on what was observed and studied (Ladino, Spaulding, Vogel, 2010). A program can be defined as a group of detailed activities with measurable objectives (p. 363). The purpose of evaluating a program is to make a decision on a course of action, whereas a research study provides information about a particular topic or practice. Program valuations use formative and summarize processes. These processes involve collecting information while the program occurs and measuring results at the end of the program to determine â€Å"†¦ Owe those outcomes related to the overall†¦ Program and its success. † (p. 366). Once these processes have been deduced, the findings can be used to improve education There are evaluation models that can be applied through practices. These formative and summarize approaches. All models of evaluation contribute to the development of the evaluation plan, capacity, data collection, data, analysis, and reporting procedures of the study. The most common model for program evaluation is the objective-based approach which assesses the overall purpose of the program and defines the type of information to be collected for evaluation. This approach also utilizes benchmarks or quantitative goals that participants are expected to obtain to ensure the success of the program. Among other program evaluation templates, the logic model measures progress at each phase of the curriculum while operating on the assumption that a rational sequence Of events must happen in order to produce the final results of the program (p. 373). These sequences of events begin with resources or inputs which create actions or activities that lead to changes in the participants (p. 374). These changes or outcomes verify the efficacy or inefficacy of the program. In other words, the logic approach is a picture of how the program works through the theories and assumptions underlying the program (W. K. Kellogg Foundation, 2004). The logic model is commonly used for program evaluations in health education because it can illustrate the infrastructure of a program model while integrating the activities of the clinical educators and patients (Centers or Diseases Control and Prevention, 1 999): A detailed logic model can†¦ Threaten claims of causality and be a basis for estimating the program’s effect on endpoints that are not directly measured but are linked in a causal chain supported by prior research†¦ Logic models can be created to display a program at different levels of detail, from different perspectives, or for different audiences. (p. 9). It is imperative in health education to identify causal relationships among variables of patient care and clini cal erudition paradigms. This is why the logic approach is such a good choice for evaluating these types of programs. Program evaluations possess benefits and shortcomings. One advantage of program evaluations is the immediate application of the information to a setting or environment for implementing improvements and other efficacious changes. Examples of disadvantages in program evaluations include the lack of available assets for improving program deficiencies identified through formative processes and the subjectivity of an internal evaluator who may have preconceived ideas about what the program outcomes should be. The focus of effective education is action (Spencer, n. . ). Action research in education has been scribed as research accomplished by teachers to provide insights for themselves (Mills, 201 1). It is also a way for teachers to work collaboratively with each other with education administrators, and with stakeholders to improve classroom instruction and the learning potential of students (C. A. R. Madison Metropolitan School District, 2010). The primary purpose of action research is t o change and improve educational environments and outcomes (Ladino, Spaulding, Vogel, 2010). The stages in conducting action research are sequential and cyclical (Classroom Action Research, 2012). These steps are illustrated in Figure 3. The diagram in the illustration implies important ideas regarding the structure of action research. This Structure should include ways to clearly define an issue, to challenge the assumptions and views of the researcher conducting the study, to develop a concise plan for data collection, to encourage collaboration between the researcher and peers, and to provide evidence for practice improvement (Ladino, Spaulding, Vogel, 2010). How to cite Research Knowledge and Assessment, Essays

Research Proposal on Oil and Gas Essay Example

Research Proposal on Oil and Gas Essay Oil and gas are the most important and valuable resources nowadays, because they play the key role providing people, plants and factories with energy. Then, nearly every automobile works with the help of gas, which is made from oil. No wonder, oil and gas are the most expensive resources which are concentrated in the hands of the richest people of the world, because it is difficult to imagine a more profitable business. Evidently, oil is important for the process of industrialization, because it is widely used in every industry. Oil is used for the production of petrol, chemicals, perfume, medicine, plastic and fertilizers that is why the value of the resource is very high and people will have to think much in order to create substances which can substitute oil in many spheres human life. Unfortunately, the supplies of oil and gas are nearly exhausted, so people will need to look for other sources of energy, like the energy of the wind, solar energy, etc. The key disadvantage of oil and gas is their negative impact on the natural environment. The results of the oil processing pollute and contaminate water, air and soil and as a result human and animal health. Moreover, there are often serious accidents during the transportation of oil across the oceans. Oil is introduced into the water and pollutes enormous territories of water killing fish, animals and birds. The global public and a range of international organizations protest against the usage of oil, because it causes greenhouse effect, the global warming and pollution. We will write a custom essay sample on Research Proposal on Oil and Gas specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Research Proposal on Oil and Gas specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Research Proposal on Oil and Gas specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Naturally, the supply of oil and gas will be exhausted in the nearest 30 years, so the humanity will face the global energy crisis. So, in order to prepare to its effect we have to look for the alternative sources of energy, which will be ecologically safe, cheap and renewable. A successful oil and gas research proposal is supposed to be logical, interesting and informative. A student should research the topic himself and suggest some direct problems for the analysis. When one knows about the problem everything, he will be able to analyze the topic soberly and will be probably able to create effective solutions to the existing problems. The main purpose of a research proposal is its persuasive function. So, if a student wants to create a convincing paper which will attract the professor’s attention, he will need to read a good free example research proposal on oil and gas and see how a successful paper of this type looks like. The Internet has a wide choice of free sample research proposals on oil and gas and students are able to look them through improving their knowledge and academic paper writing skills. At EssayLib.com writing service you can order a custom research proposal on Oil and Gas topics. Your research paper proposal will be written from scratch. We hire top-rated Ph.D. and Master’s writers only to provide students with professional research proposal help at affordable rates. Each customer will get a non-plagiarized paper with timely delivery. Just visit our website and fill in the order form with all proposal details: Enjoy our professional research proposal writing service!

Essay on The Historical Context of Sustainability Gold Mining Industry of Australia

Essay on The Historical Context of Sustainability Gold Mining Industry of Australia Essay on The Historical Context of Sustainability: Gold Mining Industry of Australia Essay on The Historical Context of Sustainability: Gold Mining Industry of AustraliaThe gold mining industry of Australia is the growing industry, which though confronts a severe criticism from the part of environmentalists, who insist that the gold   mining industry has a negative impact on environment, whereas the waste of mines and the production of gold pollute the environment consistently. Therefore, the question that begs is whether the gold mining industry of Australia is capable to turn toward the sustainable development or the industry will increase its negative impact on the environment as the gold production in Australia keeps progressing. In actuality, the negative impact of the gold mining industry of Australia on the natural environment is obvious but the shift toward the sustainable development can decrease the negative impact of the gold mining industry on the environment and make the further growth of the gold mining industry sustainable and less harmful for the en vironment.Background informationThe development of the gold mining industry was traditionally driven by the high value of the gold as the major asset of nations since there was the gold standard as the key measurement of the currency value. However, steadily, the role of gold in the currency exchange rate and values has started to decrease but the role of gold as the precious metal that comprises an important part of national banks’ reserves persists even today. However, the gold mining industry has a destructive impact on the natural environment because of the pollution that accompanied the mining and gold production process.In fact,  it was not until the 1970s in most industrialized countries that community expectations and legislation evolved to ensure a high standard of environmental management throughout the mining cycle (Mudd, 2008). The growing environmental concerns of the public affected environmental policies conducted by the government and imposed stricter regula tions on companies operating in the gold mining industry. In such a way, companies had to take into consideration environmental regulations, norms and standards, while developing their marketing policies and strategies. However, till present days, there are a few positive effects since the gold mining industry is still one of the major sources of the environment pollution. The reason is the high profitability of gold mining industry of Australia, which discourages the government from imposing restrictions on the further growth of the industry by introducing environmental policies and norms. However, today, the problem of the environmental pollution has become the major challenge for the gold mining industry of Australia because of the growing public pressure, which forces the government to take the proactive, environmentalist position and stimulate the transition toward the sustainable development of the mining industry of Australia.The major factors contributing to the negative imp act of gold mining industryAt the moment, the gold mining industry of Australia is vulnerable to the severe criticism from the part of environmentalists because the extraction of gold ore involves grading solid rock ores that are processed to extract the gold (Mudd, 2008). Grading solid rock ores results in the pollution of the environment because the grading involves the consumption of energy and, therefore, increase greenhouse gas emissions. In addition, grading solid rock and extraction of gold result in the solid waste that derives from the production process.Gold mining involves energy, water and cyanide consumption (Mudd, 2008). In actuality, the development of the gold mining industry leads to the increase consumption of energy and water along with cyanide consumption (Lewis, Martin W. Green Delusions: an Environmentalist Critique of Radical Environmentalism. Duke University Press 2010). At this point, it is worth mentioning the fact that the consumption of water and energy l eads to the exhaustion of natural resources. For example, energy is generated from fossil fuels, which are the main source of energy at the moment.The gold production is accompanied by greenhouse gas emissions, which have a negative impact on the climate change and global warming (Mudd, 2008). In the course of the production, greenhouse gas emissions are quite high that leads to the pollution and global climate change. Moreover, solid waste is another issue that gold mining industry emerges in the course of the gold mining because the solid rock is processed and gold is extracted, while the solid waste remains and has to be processed to prevent the environment pollution.In this regard, the sustainable development of the gold mining industry of Australia is the only way to make the industry environment-friendly and decrease its negative impact on the environment. The ongoing availability of mineral resources is, therefore, an integral part of the sustainable development of the gold m ining industry.   The availability of mineral resources implies that the gold will be still available for production for a long time. However, to make the gold still available, the gold mining industry should introduce new technologies to extract gold more effectively and process gold that has already been extracted and used in different production processes (Mudd, 2007a). In other words, recycling should become one of the priorities of the gold mining industry of Australia to become sustainable.Furthermore, another condition of sustainable development of the gold mining industry is a healthy environment that means the consistent reduction of pollutants, including greenhouse gas emissions. The reduction of pollutants and greenhouse gas emissions may be achieved through the use of alternative sources of energy, for example, solar or wind power by gold mines in Australia. Gold mining companies should focus on the sustainable development and introduce technologies that allow decreasi ng the waste and pollution of the environment. In such a way, Australia can maintain the stable and sustainable development of its gold mining industry.At the same time, an integral element of the sustainable development of the gold mining industry is the viable community, which includes the stable economy, socially vibrant communities and positive community-companies relations. In this regard, gold mining companies of Australia should focus on the development of the community-oriented policies to match needs of the local community and to minimize the pollution of the natural environment that will minimize the negative impact of the gold mining industry on local communities (Mudd, 2007b). Local communities, in their turn, could assist gold mining companies to decrease the environment pollution through mutual efforts and development of common, environment-friendly policies.Conclusion  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Thus, the development of the gold mining industry of Aust ralia has always been the priority for the development of Australian economy due to high profits and considerable natural resources available to the gold mining industry of Australia. At this point, the development of Australian gold mining industry has confronted the problem of the environment pollution, which affected the public attitude and caused the emerging criticism of the industry by the public. In such a situation, the government focuses on the introduction of strict regulations to stimulate the shift toward the sustainable development of the gold mining industry of Australia. In this respect, the transition to the sustainable development of the gold mining industry should involve the focus on the ongoing availability of gold deposits, the creation of the healthy environment and viable community.

Popular Uses for Footnotes, Easier Footnotes with Software

Popular Uses for Footnotes, Easier Footnotes with Software You might be wondering if footnotes have become obsolete by now. Nothing could be further from the truth. While it is true that many publications favor the use of endnotes or APA style citation, footnotes still have their established realms of use. Popular Uses for Footnotes One popular use for footnotes is as a source of supplemental information. If you mention in a paper that one neighborhood lives in poverty, you might mention the exact statistic within a footnote. The position of the footnote is helpful in this instance, as the reader has to only glance down to augment their current information. Another popular use of footnotes is quotation. Perhaps you have quoted one source in the document, and wish to provide an exact or expounded quote or reference below. Footnotes provide the perfect instance for integrated information and quotation whenever you need them. Easier Footnotes with Software You might recall older word processing software that made inserting these notes a nightmare. Even in modern word processing programs, footnotes can become tedious and tiresome. However, with modern Chicago Style software, you can insert footnotes with the touch of a button, making the entire process streamlined.

As instruction Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

As instruction - Essay Example It therefore, can be said that each of us, follow a definite philosophy which guides our actions and our efforts to gain knowledge and accordingly base our judgments of the people or event. J. S. Mills, an eminent philosopher, In his book ‘On liberty’ has extensively discoursed on liberty of thought and discussion and has tried to explain its wider meaning with respect to the control exerted by society on an individual. Through the ages, liberty and freedom of choice has been the most important issue for the rulers and the community at large. The rulers and people in authority have been using their power to exert control over the community and individuals. Mills has argued that no government or individual has the right to suppress the independent thought of other individuals largely because the new thoughts are catalyst to the changes, which are part and parcel of human existence. The extent of the influence of their control on the liberty of individuals is the most vital aspect of interplay of human relationship within the society. The governmental and constitutional paradigms of liberty are important factors in the larger interests of the society. But there are some intrinsic and unarticulated social control over the individuals within the society, which may be defined by the doctrines of the time and religion. According to Mils ‘for a long time past, the chief mischief of the legal penalties is that they strengthen the social stigma’ (Mills, chapter 1). While to some extent, one can agree that excess control does corrodes of moral and ethical values, but some control is necessary to maintain law and order within the social fabric. But Mills theory on liberty of thought and discussion is highly relevant with the issue of teaching the theory of evolution and the theory of intelligent design in public school.

Hitlers Propaganda and Principles of Fascism Essay

Hitlers Propaganda and Principles of Fascism - Essay Example Fascism is the extreme dictatorial political ideology. It has several defining principles and characteristics. This study will mainly focus on Hitler’s use of nationalism, authoritarianism, and social solidarity. Nationalism aims at viewing a nation as of one single organic entity bonded together by the same ancestry as the natural unifying force. According to Zimmer, this force often manifests itself in a nation purification desire of all foreign influences resulting to racism as depicted in the Nazi rule of Germany. Fascism also supports social unity and collective national societies. The poster presented in Figure 1 will be used to analyze Hitler’s use of fascism to promote his rise to power during World War I (WWI). It was portrayed by the people that help themselves Winter Fund in 1933. It projects a genetically healthy family as the nucleus of the nation. The consequences of the Great Depression of early 1930’s negatively affected the economic and political environments of Germany causing them to collapse. This presented Adolf Hitler with a spanking political aptitude to develop and instill political power through taking advantage of the weakened political and economic systems. Hitler devised the use of his Nazi Party as the main tool of leading Germans into the mass movement. He hoped that the strategy, together with the combination of the popular support he enjoyed from the masses would thrust him to enjoy political power and authority. In Nazi Germany, Hitler introduced a campaign against food and hunger through the winter relief charity that operated under Joseph Goebbels, the propaganda minister.  

Bridget Jones Diary Analysis

Bridget Jones Diary Analysis Bridget Jones is a single woman who tries to find herself a nice man, because she doesnt want to stay single for the rest of her life. Write a summary in your own words of about 400-600 words. The story is about Bridget Jones. The book describes a year of the live of Bridget Jones. Bridget is a woman around her thirties without a husband. Many times she has tried to loose weight and to quit smoking, but she never succeeds. She is still single but she tries to change that. Bridget is a quite common woman, only maybe a little bit clumsier. When Bridget and her parents go to a new years buffet from friends of her parents she meets Mark Darcey. Their parents introduced them but they dont like each other. One day her boss sends her a flirting email and they and up in bed with each other. Bridget is convinced that he is the one she is going to spend the rest of her life with. Meanwhile Bridgets mother has left her father and has a new boyfriend. And she has less contact with her boss. At another party she meets Mark again but they still dont like each other. Love Bridget is a woman around her thirties and she doesnt have a husband. Bridget works at a publishing house. She is afraid that shell stay single the rest of her life. She is a little bit overweight and obsessed about her weight, and she smokes a lot. Sometimes she does strange and embarrassing things. Describe two minor characters. Daniel Cleaver is Bridgets boss. Bridget has a little crush on him. He is a very charming man. Mark Darcey is a lawyer, his parents are rich people. Their mothers introduced them to each other, they want them to be a couple. At first she thinks hes just a dull bloke. But after a while she starts to like him. Describe the place(s) where the story is set in detail. When does the story take place? (How do you know? What is the length of time of the story? Is the story told chronologically? Does the author use flashbacks? Explain in detail!) The length of time of the story is one year. There arent any flashbacks in the in the book, so the story is told in chronological order The person who tells the story is Bridget because its her diary you are reading. The book is told from the point of view of Bridget. Its written in the I-perspective. The title of the book is: Bridget Jones diary. That is because youre reading her diary. You read everything she wrights down. Is the book just meant as a story or is the author trying to bring across a message? If so: why? If not: why not? Leesbeleving en evaluatie What is your opinion about the book? I really liked the book because it is really realistic. Bridget is really funny because she gets herself in really idiotic situations. The whole book is really funny to read, sometimes it even made me laugh out load. Would you recommend the book to your classmates? I would recommend the book, but its more a book for the girls. Because the can picture themselves as her. And its a funny book to read. I dont really think boys would like this book. Which part did you like best or was most important in the development of the story? Quote (citeer) a passage or sentence from the book which you found most impressive or touching. Saturday, April 25 9st 1oz (excellent); alcohol units: 4; cigarettes: 24 (entirely understandable). 8am: Gaah! Gaaaah! Doorbell!. 8.05am: Was Magdas builder, Gary. Forgot he was coming round to put shelves up. Ah! Super! Hello! Could you come back in 10 minutes. Im just in the middle of something, I trilled, then doubled up, cringing in nighty. What would I be in the middle of? Sex? Making a vase on a potters wheel which absolutely couldnt be left in case it dried funny? Still had wet hair when doorbell rang again. Felt surge of middle-class guilt as Gary smirked at decadence of those who loll idly in bed while a whole different world of genuine hardworking folk have been up for so long is practically time for their lunch. Would you care for some tea or coffee? I said graciously. Yeah. Cup of tea. Four sugars, but dont stir it. I looked at him for a moment, wondering if this was a joke or a bit like smoking cigarettes but not inhaling. Right, I said, right, and started making the tea, at which Gary sat down at kitchen table and lit up a fag.

Hock

Hock Studies Set 2 Study #1 Reading 14: Just How are you intelligent? Garder, H. (1983) Frames of mind: The theory of multiple intelligences. Main focus or purpose: Howard Garder introduced to the world this new view of multiple intelligences. â€Å"Just how are you intelligent? † is unrelated to amount of overall intelligence and asks instead about the nature of your particular type of intelligence. Primary Research Methods: Gardner developed a set of either indicators or â€Å"signs† that define intelligence.Any intellectual ability, or set of abilities, must map onto most of these criteria, if it is to be considered a separate, autonomous intelligence. Main Results Reported: Each different type of intelligence varied in results. The following were tested Linguistic intelligence- able to use words that are more skillful. Musical Intelligence- gifted abilities involving sound, especially pitch, timbre and rhythm. Logical-mathematical intelligence- analyzes and computes various relationships among abstract objects, concepts, and ideas.Spatial intelligence- skilled in creating, visualizing, and manipulating mental images. Intrapersonal intelligence- able to understand who you are. Weaknesses or Critique: Some concerns based on learning disabilities—how they would test differently. Some argue that not all intelligence was properly tested by Garder—â€Å"sexual intelligence, digital intelligence† Importance/Value: As human beings its important for us to understand which part of our brain is strongest. It can help one find a well fitting job later on. People want to practice what they are naturally good at—so testing this is important.Study #2 Reading 25- Are you the master of your fate? Rotter, J. B. (1966) Generalized expectancies for internal versus external control of reinforcement. Psychological Monographs, 80, 1-28 Main focus or purpose: Are the consequences of your behavior under your personal control or are they det ermined by forces outside of yourself? Rotter wanted to study differences among people on this dimension and, rather then simply asking them, e developed a test that measured a person’s locus of control. Primary Research Methods: Rotter designed a scale containing a series of many pairs of statements.Each pair consisted of on statement reflecting an internal locus of control and one reflecting an external locus of control. Those taking the test were told to select the one statement of each pair, which you more strongly believe to be the case. This is a measure of personal belief. Rotter called his test to I-E scale. Main Results Reported: Gambling- individuals identified as internals by the I-E scale tended to prefer betting on sure things. Persuasion- internals were found to be more successful than externals in altering the attitudes of others.Achievement motivation-plans to attend college, amt of time spent on hw—more likely to be found in those students who demonstr ated an internal locus of control. Rotter hypothesized that those with an internal locus of control are more likely then externals to gain information from situations, take the initiative to make change, place greater value on inner skill and achievement goals, and are more able to resisted manipulation by others. Weaknesses or Critique: There are not any right or wrong answers in this study. Everything is just based on one individual, which is time consuming for the ones doing the studies.Importance/Value: After being tested—easier to be placed in a fitting environment. It’s important for us to know control. Study #3 Reading 30; You’re getting defensive again Freud, A. (1946). The ego and the mechanisms of defense. New York: International Universities Press. Main focus or purpose: Sigmund Freuds discovery of ego defense mechanisms occurred gradually over 30 or more years as his experiences in dealing with psychological problems grew. Primary Research Methods: F reud claimed to have discovered the defense mechanisms gradually over many years of clinical interactions with his patients.Main Results Reported: Anna Freud identified 10 defense mechanisms that had been described by her father. Five of the original mechanisms that are commonly used and widely recognized today are discussed repression, regression, projection, reaction, formation, and sublimation. Weaknesses or Critique: researchers question some of Anna freuds theories. Do defense mechanisms really exist? Do they actually function unconsciously? Importance/Value: People now have a much better understanding of mechanisms. Study #4 Reading 31: Learning to be depressed Seigman, M. E. P. , &maier, S. F (1967). Failure to escape traumatic shock.Main focus or purpose: Martin Seligman (psychologist), proposed that our perceptions of power and control are learned from experience. Martin believes that a persons efforts at controlling certain life events fail repeatedly, the person may stop attempting to exercise control all together. Primary Research Methods: Subjects for this experiment were 24 â€Å"mongrel dogs†, 15 to 19 inches high at the shoulder and weighing between 25-29 pounds. The dogs were divided into 2 groups of 8. One group was the escape group and the other was the non-escape group. They were individually harnessed and but not completely unable to move.A series of shocks were given to the dogs to see which ones tried to escape. Main Results Reported: In the escape group the time it took for the dogs to press the shock panel quickly decreased over the 64 shocks. In the no escape group, panel pressing completely stopped after 30 tries. Weaknesses or Critique: It’s hard for some to read about animals being used for testing. It’s important for researchers to use them for answers but no abuse should ever take place. Importance/Value: We understand that individuals are more likely to become depressed if they lack control of of situational experience.Study #5 Reading 35: Projections of who you are Rorschach, H. (1942) Psychodiagnostics: A diagnostic test based on perception. New York: Grune & Stratton Main focus or purpose: Roschach’s showed that in the course of interpreting random inkblot, attention would be drawn away from the persons so that his or her usual psychological defenses would be weakened. Primary Research Methods: Roschach form of interpretation test is administered simply by handing a person each figure, one at a time and asking, â€Å"What might this be? Participants were free to turn the card in ant direction and hold it as close to or as far from their eyes as they wish. Main Results Reported: He found that subjects generally gave a total of 5 to 30 totally responses to the 10 figures. Depressed individuals gave less answers, those that were happy gave more, and among the mentally ill answers varied. Weaknesses or Critique: Weather or not what Rorschach claimed to measure was accurate. Othe r researches suggest that there are better ways to test this. Importance/Value: Rorschach’s research will help studies that are done on the same concepts.Study #6 It’s Not Just About Salivating Dogs! Pavlov, I. P. (1927). Conditioned Reflexes. London: Oxford University Press. Main Focus or Purpose: In this study, Pavlov wanted to use physiological research involving the use of dogs as subjects to test the role of salvation on digestion. Test how, when, and why an animal would salivate, what could cause it†¦Unconditional reflex or conditioned reflexes? Primary Research Methods To test this, they would introduce various types of food or nonfood substances into a dogs mouth and observe the rate and amount of salvation.Then they would associate a sound or smell that would occur before that dog gets introduced to the food. Then after noticing that the bell leads to food the dog would therefore begin to salivate by just hearing the noise. Main Results Reported Pavlov th eorized that the dogs had learned from experience in the lab to expect food following certain signals. Although these certain signals do not naturally produce salivation, the dogs came to associate them with the food and salivating with the expectancy of the foods arrival. Weaknesses or CritiqueThere were no true weaknesses or critiques to this research and work. Importance/Value: This experiment and intense observation was very important because it is now universally accepted and has remained virtually unchanged since its conception. His theories of classical conditioning explain a major proportion of human behavior and helped launch psychology as a true science. Study #7 Little Emotional Albert Watson, J. B. , & Rayner, R. (1920). Conditoned emotional Responses. Journal of Expiermental Pyschology, 3, 1-14. Main Focus or Purpose:The main purpose of this study was to test if our human behavior is based on that idea that we are motivated by unconscious instincts and repressed conflic ts from early childhood. Primary Research Methods: The methods for this particular study were simple; they took 9 month old Albert from a hospital where he had been raised as an orphan since birth. They then wanted to see if Albert was naturally afraid of certain stimuli, they placed a white rat, a rabbit, a monkey, a dog and masks in front of him, and he naturally grabbed for most of the objects since they didn’t produce any fear (neutral stimuli).They then paired a loud frightening noise (unconditioned stimuli) with the presentation of each animal and he then cried every time, even just with the sight of the animal because he associated it with that same fear. Main Results Reported Albert was not originally afraid of the rats prior to the conditioning, but then after the conditioning he instantly feared the rat and even the Santa Clause mask that had a similar white appearance. Weaknesses or Critique: Study like this would not be acceptable now days.It is very questionable to ethical reasoning; to take a child at an early age and purposely frighten it is just not right. Importance/Value: This study succeeded to a large extent in convincing many in the psychological community that the emotional behavior could be conditioned through simple stimulus response techniques. Also proved that human behavior is based on that idea that we are motivated by unconscious instincts and repressed conflicts from early childhood. Study #8 Knock Wood! Skinner, B. F. (1948). Superstition in the pigeon. Journal of Expiermental Psychology, 38, 168-172Main Focus or Purpose: Skinnier wanted to test if the reason people do superstitious acts (like knocking on wood for example), do this because they believe or presume a connection exists between the superstitious behavior in a certain setting and a reinforcing consequence exists. Primary Research Methods: The researchers used a empty cage or box that only had an empty dish or tray in which food is dispensed. This allows the res earchers to have control over when the animal receives reinforcement, such as pellets of food. The early conditioning had a lever, which if pushed, would cause food to be dispensed.They then put pigeons into experimental cage for a few minutes each day, and then food reinforcement was delivered automatically every 15 seconds. Main Results Reported: In 6 out of 8 cases the resulting response were so clearly defined that two observers could agree perfectly in counting instances. Eventually, the pigeons behaved as if a certain behavior would produce the food, they became superstitious. Weaknesses or Critique: On the specific issue of superstitions, however, there appears to be less controversy and a rather wide acceptance of the learning process involved in their formation.Importance/Value: This was important because none of these behaviors had been observed in the birds prior to the condition procedure. Study #9 See Aggression†¦ Do Aggression! Bandura, A. , Ross, D. , & Ross, S. A. (1961). Transmission of aggression through imitation of aggressive models. Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology, 63, 575-582. Main Focus or Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine how children may learn to be aggressive. If they learn by observation and imitation or any other influential factors. Primary Research Methods:The researchers exposed children to adult models who behave either aggressively or non-aggressively. The children would then be tested in a new situation without the model present to determine to what extent they would imitate the acts of aggression they had observed in the adult. Main Results Reported: The children who were exposed to the violent models tended to imitate the exact violent behaviors they observed. Weaknesses or Critique: The results were so inconsistent in relation to the aggression-inhibiting effect of nonaggressive models that they were inconclusive. Importance/Value:This research formed the foundation for hundreds of studies o ver the past 45 years on the effects on children of viewing violence in person or in the media. Study #10 Just How Are You Intelligent? Gardner, H. (1938) Frames of Mind: The theory of multiple intelligences. New Yorkk: Basic Books. Main Focus or Purpose: In this study, Garden wanted to test if there were multiple different types of intelligences rather than just one general intelligence that can be tested by an IQ test. He also wanted to further extend the theory of brain specialization, to see if different parts of the brain are responsible for different intelligences.Primary Research Methods: Gardner developed a set of eight indicators or â€Å"signs† that define an intelligence. Any intellectual ability, or set of abilities, will then be mapped onto these criterias. He separated the intelligences into 9 main ones: linguistic, musical, logical-mathematical, spatial, bodily-kinesthetic, interpersonal, intrapersonal, naturalist, and existential and then performed test to det ermine what category or categories one might fall under. Main Results Reported: This study showed and proved that people are intelligent in many more ways than just â€Å"book smart†.It gave us proof that a student can still be very bright even if that student is struggling in math or English. Weaknesses or Critique: Many question, what about the children or adults with learning disabilities? But after these tests, Gardner then changed that into learning differences. Importance/Value: Hundreds of scientific articles and books now rest on Gardner’s theory. His theory has remained unchanged and survived for over two decades now and shows no sign of fading. He changed forever how the world looks at learning, teaching and intelligence.

English 99 - Morality And Professional Responsibility

Aiesha Anchan Jonas Hour 3 English 99 - Morality and Professional Responsibility â€Å"English 99 † - an essay by Frank Gannon, illustrates the experiences of teaching a college class on introductory writing. Gannon, the english professor, displays the characteristics of an amoral man: lacking moral sensibility (distinguishing what is right and wrong) which may cause consequences to himself or others. With a person like Gannon, one cannot expect much from his teaching methods. Gannon represents an adult whose amorality created the lack of professional responsibility and dependability for his students, resulting in him being an ineffective mentor. Frankly speaking, there is a very limited correlation between intelligence and morality. But there is very intimate relationship between education and teacher morality. Even with Gannon’s field experience and deep knowledge on the foundations of writing, his moral code is very limited. As an educated individual, Gannon possessed the knowledge of the college’s true intentions of English 99 â€Å"The truth of the matter was that English 99 was there so that the college could get some money from these kids before they flunked out or quit† (Page 45). Gannon, knowing of the college’s scheme for extracting money from students, had the ability to inform them, saving precious time and money, but chose not to. Logically he wouldn’t because â€Å"‘Hey, I just work here’† (Page 45). What was he gaining from this? Nothing, thus there would be no purpose,Show MoreRelatedRight of Lawyers to Strike in India: Ex Captain Harish Uppal V. Union of India3867 Words   |  16 Pagesrepresentative of an institution, or as a worker who needs a means of putting forward grievances. Lawyers, as paid service providers, are bound to have their own set of grievances which might not necessarily always conform to the ideals of judicial morality. A workers’ strike is generally called by the concerned trade union for putting forward their concerns; however in the context of the case, it is seen that the Bar Council of India– which is the representative body of lawyers - itself does not considerRead MoreEthical Issues in Counselling4637 Words   |  19 Pagesselected references. Provide evidence of your thinking about the issues chosen. Introduction Professional counsellors are increasingly mindful not to step on the mines of unethical practices. Sometimes, we might be too cautious to have overlooked issues that are neither unethical, nor avoidable, or even beneficial, in terms of the interests of our clients and our own professional satisfactions. Ethics are more than codes and taboos. While counsellors should protect themselves from unnecessaryRead MoreEthical Issues in Counselling4624 Words   |  19 Pagescarefully selected references. Provide evidence of your thinking about the issues chosen. Introduction Professional counsellors are increasingly mindful not to step on the mines of unethical practices. Sometimes, we might be too cautious to have overlooked issues that are neither unethical, nor avoidable, or even beneficial, in terms of the interests of our clients and our own professional satisfactions. Ethics are more than codes and taboos. While counsellors should protect themselves from unnecessaryRead MoreThe Portrait of Medieval Social Classes as Presented in the General Prologue to Geoffrey Chaucer’s the Canterbury Tales4628 Words   |  19 Pageshow the tales came to be told, and it introduces the tellers. There are about thirty pilgrims travelling to Canterbury to pray to the holy blissful martyr- St. Thomas of Becket. These characters can be considered the portrait of the whole Middle English society. All the pilgrims can be divided into particular hierarchic structure of classes. The simplest division of society was into three estates: those who fight, those who pray, and those who labour, typified by the Knight, the Parson and the PlowmanRead MoreIssues in Auditing and Professional Practice5740 Words   |  23 PagesIssues In Auditing and Professional Practice ASSIGNMENT QUESTIONS The questions in this assignment are extracted from the text book for this paper; Reference: Johnson, R. (ed), Readings in Auditing Volume 2, John Wiley Sons Australia, 2007. Answer the following 4 questions: Question 1: (Chapter 10 â€Å"Australian Wheat Board†, p135 Question 4) Discuss the lessons to be learnt from the AWB scandal. Question 2: (Chapter 12 â€Å"Fraud prevention and detection- further guidance†, p158 Question 3) Read MoreEffect of Globalisation on Management Accounting6683 Words   |  27 Pagesthat management accountants must develop and sustain a culture of innovation (ICAA 1998:21). †¢ Globalisation implies that qualifications will become portable and internationally recognised. This aspect creates both opportunities and threats, as professionals have to compete in their country of origin against international competitors. The competition may be able to provide management accounting services at a much lower cost as business opportunities in underdeveloped countries such as Hungary, RussiaRead MoreThe Importance Of Nonverbal Communication6466 Words   |  26 Pagesreligion that is scarcely practiced in the Japanese society today but still holds a great influence on the culture is Confucianism. Some of the teachings of Confucianism that still have a great importance on Japanese culture are humility, loyalty, morality, and showing respect based off on ones individual or political status. In addition, Confucianism prompted the establishment of moral ideas for the present day Japanese society. Before Confucianism spread to Japan, the ancient Japanese people hadRead Mor eWritten Sources13656 Words   |  55 Pagesancient Indian history are complicated, especially in the case of the written sources, so they need to be examined carefully. In the scope of my study, I will focus on two groups which are as follows: the analyzing and criticizing of these sources by professional historians and students of history. My method is to inform, explain, and summarize written sources and survey one typical example of early Indian history. I hope to help readers partly understand more about the method of analyzing and criticizingRead MoreWritten Sources13665 Words   |  55 Pagesancient Indian history are complicated, especially in the case of the written sources, so they need to be examined carefully. In the scope of my study, I will focus on two groups which are as follows: the analyzing and criticizing of these sources by professional historians and students of history. My method is to inform, explain, and summarize written sources and survey one typical exa mple of early Indian history. I hope to help readers partly understand more about the method of analyzing and criticizingRead MoreHamiltonian vs Jeffersonian Democracies5550 Words   |  23 Pagesinto serving on British warships, and the British navy seized hundreds of American merchant ships. To prevent war with Great Britain, Hamilton encouraged Washington to send Supreme Court Chief Justice John Jay to London to sign a treaty with the English. Jay left for England in 1794 with instructions from Hamilton that outlined American goals for the diplomatic talks. In his instructions, Hamilton insisted that British impressments of Americans cease, that all British forts be removed from American

Police Department ( Jpd ) - 993 Words

Jeffersontown Police Department (JPD) is a police agency that is committed to community policing and working with the community to ensure safety and peace for all citizen. The JPD jurisdiction is much smaller than the well-known Louisville Metro Police Department (LMPD) and functions with fewer officers on the streets. Similar to LMPD they have the ability to enforce both local metropolitan laws and state laws. If JPD did not exist there would still be law enforcement in the area, LMPD, but the sense of community policing would decrease dramatically. Along with losing community policing officers would likely be stretched thin and unable to do proactive policing causing crime rates to increase. JPD is responsible for a variety of services†¦show more content†¦These experiences along with training with the special operations group (SOG) was a talking point during my last interview. Although my new job will not require any of this training if I decide the office life is not for me it will prove valuable. Not only in the workforce is this training valuable, but the pistol training I will continue to use at the range in my free time. My second goal of working with specialty units had mixed outcomes. Working with the K-9 unit proved difficult because they were in the process of retiring one K-9 and training a new one. Kimo in the process of being training got kennel cough and was sidelined for a while, but I was able to see the technology of future K-9 work. Officer Wescott has been working on a better way to lift K-9’s into attics with a claw-like pulley system. I learned that K-9 unit although sounds like fun to every animal loving person is not what it is all cracked up to be. Caring for a patrol K-9 can be demanding, training consistently, and you are likely to change partners a few time, but you will always have a partner. I was able to work with detectives one night after a stolen car was recovered along with a juvenile and young adult. The biggest part of this experience was that once you take somebody into an interrogation room they sing like a cannery. The interrogation was over just as fast as it started. I was able to attend two trainings with the special operations group (SOG).